·
Laser
treatment is becoming widely recognised and can be applied to prevent caries
from developing and to reduce the progression of caries.
·
The
mechanism of laser should be understood before a dentist could apply in his daily
practice.
·
The
Enamel surface of tooth is made of crystals called ‘Hydroxyapetite’ and it is
permeable in nature therefore allowing diffusion of ions.
·
During
Laser
dentistry treatment, moderate heat(CO2 laser produces temp > 1000
degree celcius) is produced which changes the composition of Enamel from
‘hydroxyapetite’ to ‘carbonated apatite’ in which there is loss of water in the
crystals, as a result the pores of Enamel shrink down to form ‘Micro space
system’. The Microspace system provides
a means for trapping Calcium, phosphate and fluoride ions which release during
demineralization and acts as site for re-precipitation.
·
The
trapped minerals phases inside the Enamel and impedes lesion formation and
progression causing enhanced resistance against demineralization.
·
As the micro spaces are smaller in size, it decreases
the permeability of the Enamel thereby reducing the diffusion of ions in and
out thereby reducing the demineralization process. Thus a seal is achieved and
so is resistance to caries.
·
The
Dentin also gets acid resistance as there is increased mineral content due to
burning of organic matter from tissue so there is increased Calcium and
Phosphate found in recrystallized Dentin.
LASERS
IN ENDODONTICS
·
Endodontic
procedure carried out by conventional methods may not be successful in spite of
utmost care.
·
Despite
the mechanical removal, irrigation and disinfection of canals, the bacteria can
still persist which cannot be reached by conventional techniques.
·
As
the technology has advanced, now lasers are used in endodontic procedures to
improve the prognosis of the treatment of tooth.
·
Laser
light penetrates upto >1000 micrometre into the dentin and provides a
distinct advantage since the bacteria can immigrate upto 1000 micrometre into
tubules.
·
When
in contact with laser, cell membrane gets destroyed due to the impact of direct
heat and this damage is enough to stop the growth of the bacteria depending on
the wavelength and frequency of laser irradiation used by the dentist.
·
It
is a very effective tool for disinfecting the root canal after mechanical root
canal treatment as it has sufficient penetration depth.
·
It
is effective in curved canals also and the energy is transported by thin
flexible fibres which have diameter of only 200 micrometer.
·
Laser
eradicates the microbial flora of root canal and also has same effect on
surrounding dentin without affecting the surrounding tissue and has good
disinfection mechanism without causing pain and improving the prognosis of the
endodontic treatment.
LASERS
IN ORAL AND MAXILLOFACIAL SURGERY
·
Lasers
have played an integral part in the evolution of practice of oral and
maxillo-facial surgery as the procedures can be executed efficiently with less
complication.
·
There
are many advantages such as :-
Ø Maintenance of sterile
condition.
Ø Precise and accurate
Ø Decreased
post-operative swelling
Ø Improved tissue
scarring and healing
Ø More accessible
Ø Less instruments
needed
Ø Less pain
Ø Less cost, staff and
time
Various types of surgeries in which laser is used
effectively:-
1)
Laser
in Implant (Peri-implantitis)
Laser makes it possible to remove diseased tissue around a
dental implant without causing any significant harm to the healthy tissue. It
is gentle, reducing inflammation and discomfort while encouraging new bone
growth to reinforce and save your implant.
2)
Cosmetic
facial Laser surgery
Laser
is used to treat facial lesions and skin wrinkles by removing the surface layer
of skin allowing the underlying skin to re-epithilialize in a uniform manner.
E.g. tissue tags, epidermal nevi, lenities, superficial pigmentation, skin
wrinkles, scar revision, melisma etc.
‘Laser’
in routine dentistry
1)
Pericoronitis
2)
Frenectomy
and Ankyloglossia
3)
Laser
assisted Biopsy
To
find out more about Laser dentistry, please call Dr. Sachdeva’s Dental Clinic
in Ashok vihar Delhi, India at 01142464041.
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